P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy versus dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing coronary stenting: rationale and design of the NEOMINDSET Trial

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is currently the standard of care after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Recent studies suggest that reducing DAPT to 1-3 months followed by an aspirin-free single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) strategy with a potent P2Y12 inhibitor is safe and associated with less bleeding. However, to date, no randomised trial has tested the impact of initiating SAPT immediately after PCI, particularly in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). NEOMINDSET is a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial with a blinded outcome assessment designed to compare SAPT versus DAPT in 3,400 ACS patients undergoing PCI with the latest-generation drug-eluting stents (DES). After successful PCI and up to 4 days following hospital admission, patients are randomised to receive SAPT with a potent P2Y12 inhibitor (ticagrelor or prasugrel) or DAPT (aspirin plus a potent P2Y12 inhibitor) for 12 months. Aspirin is discontinued immediately after randomisation in the SAPT group. The choice between ticagrelor and prasugrel is at the investigator's discretion. The primary hypothesis is that SAPT will be non-inferior to DAPT with respect to the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction or urgent target vessel revascularisation, but superior to DAPT on rates of bleeding defined by Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2, 3 or 5 criteria. NEOMINDSET is the first study that is specifically designed to test SAPT versus DAPT immediately following PCI with DES in ACS patients. This trial will provide important insights on the efficacy and safety of withdrawing aspirin in the early phase of ACS.

P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy versus dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing coronary stenting: rationale and design of the NEOMINDSET Trial.

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is currently the standard of care after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Recent studies suggest that reducing DAPT to 1-3 months followed by an aspirin-free single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) strategy with a potent P2Y12 inhibitor is safe and associated with less bleeding. However, to date, no randomised trial has tested the impact of initiating SAPT immediately after PCI, particularly in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). NEOMINDSET is a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial with a blinded outcome assessment designed to compare SAPT versus DAPT in 3,400 ACS patients undergoing PCI with the latest-generation drug-eluting stents (DES). After successful PCI and up to 4 days following hospital admission, patients are randomised to receive SAPT with a potent P2Y12 inhibitor (ticagrelor or prasugrel) or DAPT (aspirin plus a potent P2Y12 inhibitor) for 12 months. Aspirin is discontinued immediately after randomisation in the SAPT group. The choice between ticagrelor and prasugrel is at the investigator's discretion. The primary hypothesis is that SAPT will be non-inferior to DAPT with respect to the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction or urgent target vessel revascularisation, but superior to DAPT on rates of bleeding defined by Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2, 3 or 5 criteria. NEOMINDSET is the first study that is specifically designed to test SAPT versus DAPT immediately following PCI with DES in ACS patients. This trial will provide important insights on the efficacy and safety of withdrawing aspirin in the early phase of ACS. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04360720).

Randomized Noninferiority Trial of Radiation Exposure During Coronary Angiography: the Transradial and Transfemoral Approach by EXPERienced Operators in Daily rouTine (EXPERT) Trial.

BACKGROUND: The transradial approach (TRA) to coronary angiography reduces vascular complications but is associated with greater radiation exposure than the transfemoral approach (TFA). It is unknown whether exposure remains higher when TRA is performed by experienced operators. METHODS: Patients were randomly, prospectively assigned to TRA or TFA. The primary end point was patient radiation dose; secondary end points were the physician radiation dose and 30-day major adverse cardiac event rate. Coronary angiography was performed by experienced operators using a standardized protocol. RESULTS: Clinical and procedural characteristics were similar between the TRA (n = 150) and TFA (n = 149) groups, and they had comparable mean (SD) radiation doses for patients (616.51 [252] vs 585.57 [225] mGy; P = .13) and physicians (0.49 [0.3] vs 0.46 [0.29] mSv; P = .32). The mean (SD) fluoroscopy time (3.52 [2.02] vs 3.13 [2.46] min; P = .14) and the mean (SD) dose area product (35,496.5 [15,670] vs 38,313.4 [17,764.9] mGy·cm2; P = .2) did not differ. None of the following factors predicted higher radiation doses: female sex (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69 [95% CI, 0.38-1.3]; P = .34), body mass index >25 (HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.43-1.6]; P = .76), age >65 years (HR, 1.67 [95% CI, 0.89-3.1]; P = .11), severe valve disease (HR, 1.37 [95% CI, 0.52-3.5]; P = .68), or previous coronary artery bypass graft (HR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.2-1.8; P = .38). CONCLUSION: TRA for elective coronary angiography is noninferior to TFA when performed by experienced operators.

Incidence, Predictor, and Clinical Outcomes of Multiple Resheathing With Self-Expanding Valves During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background No study has evaluated the impact of the additional manipulation demanded by multiple resheathing (MR) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement with repositionable self-expanding valves. Methods and Results This study included a real-world, multicenter registry involving 16 centers from Canada, Germany, Latin America, and Spain. All consecutive patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the Evolut R, Evolut PRO, and Portico valves were included. Patients were divided according to the number of resheathing: no resheathing, single resheathing (SR), and MR. The primary end point was device success. Secondary outcomes included procedural complications, early safety events, and 1-year mortality. In 1026 patients, the proportion who required SR and MR was 23.9% and 9.3%, respectively. MR was predicted by the use of Portico and moderate/severe aortic regurgitation at baseline (both with P<0.01). Patients undergoing MR had less device success (no resheathing=89.9%, SR=89.8%, and MR=80%; P=0.01), driven by more need for a second prosthesis and device embolization. At 30 days, there were no differences in safety events. At 1 year, more deaths occurred with MR (no resheathing=10.5%, SR=8.0%, and MR=18.8%; P=0.014). After adjusting for baseline differences and center experience by annual volume, MR associated with less device success (odds ratio, 0.42; P=0.003) and increased 1-year mortality (hazard ratio, 2.06; P=0.01). When including only the Evolut R/PRO cases (N=837), MR continued to have less device success (P<0.001) and a trend toward increased mortality (P=0.05). Conclusions Repositioning a self-expanding valve is used in a third of patients, being multiple in ≈10%. MR, but not SR, was associated with more device failure and higher 1-year mortality, regardless of the type of valve implanted.

Relationship between Mitral Regurgitation and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: a Multi-Institutional Follow-up Study. / A Relação entre Regurgitação Mitral e Implante Transcateter de Válvula Aórtica: um Estudo de Acompanhamento Multi-Institucional.

BACKGROUND: Mitral regurgitation (MR) is prevalent in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). There are some controversies about the prognostic impact of MR in survival of TAVI patients. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between TAVI and MR in a patient population from the Brazilian TAVI Registry. METHODS: Seven hundred and ninety-five patients from the Brazilian TAVI Registry were divided at baseline, discharge, and follow-up according to their MR grade as follows: absent/mild (AMMR) or moderate/severe (MSMR). They were subsequently regrouped according to their immediate and late changes in MR severity after TAVI as follows: no change, improved, or worsened MR. Predictors and prognostic impact on baseline as well as changes in MR severity were analyzed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Baseline MSMR was present in 19.3% of patients and was a predictor of increased late mortality. Immediately after TAVI, 47.4 % of cases improved to AMMR, predicted by a higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons score and a higher grade of baseline aortic regurgitation. Upon follow-up, 9.2% of cases of AMMR worsened to MSMR, whereas 36.8% of cases of MSMR improved to AMMR. Lower baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and improvement in LVEF at follow-up were predictors of MR improvement. Progressive worsening of MR upon follow-up was an independent predictor of higher late mortality after TAVI (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline MSMR predicts late mortality after TAVI. Lower LVEF and improved LVEF at follow-up predict MR improvement after TAVI. Progressive worsening of MR severity at follow-up is an independent predictor of late mortality, which is a rare finding in the literature.

FUNDAMENTO: A regurgitação mitral (RM) é prevalente em pacientes submetidos a implante transcateter de válvula aórtica (TAVI). Há algumas controvérsias sobre o impacto prognóstico da RM na sobrevida de pacientes submetidos a TAVI. OBJETIVO: Examinar a relação entre TAVI e RM em uma população de pacientes do Registro Brasileiro de TAVI. MÉTODOS: Setecentos e noventa e cinco pacientes do Registro Brasileiro de TAVI foram divididos na linha de base, alta e acompanhamento de acordo com o grau da RM da maneira seguinte: ausente/leve (RMAL) ou moderado/grave (RMMG). Eles foram subsequentemente reagrupados de acordo com as mudanças imediatas e tardias na gravidade da RM após TAVI da maneira seguinte: RM sem mudança, melhora ou piora. Foram analisados os preditores e o impacto prognóstico na linha de base, bem como as mudanças na gravidade da RM. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: RMMG basal estava presente em 19,3% dos pacientes e foi um preditor de aumento da mortalidade tardia. Imediatamente após o TAVI, 47,4% dos casos melhoraram para RMAL, previsto por uma pontuação mais alta da Society of Thoracic Surgeons e um grau mais alto de regurgitação aórtica basal. No acompanhamento, 9,2% dos casos de RMAL pioraram para RMMG, enquanto 36,8% dos casos de RMMG melhoraram para RMAL. Fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) mais baixa na linha de base e melhora na FEVE durante o acompanhamento foram preditores de melhora da RM. Piora progressiva da RM no acompanhamento foi um preditor independente de maior mortalidade tardia após TAVI (p = 0,005). CONCLUSÕES: A RMMG na linha de base é um preditor de mortalidade tardia após TAVI. FEVE mais baixa e melhora na FEVE durante o acompanhamento são preditores de melhora da RM após TAVI. A pior progressiva da gravidade da RM durante o acompanhamento é um preditor independente de mortalidade tardia; isto é um achado raro na literatura.

A Relação entre Regurgitação Mitral e Implante Transcateter de Válvula Aórtica: um Estudo de Acompanhamento Multi-Institucional / Relationship between Mitral Regurgitation and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: a Multi-Institutional Follow-up Study

Resumo Fundamento A regurgitação mitral (RM) é prevalente em pacientes submetidos a implante transcateter de válvula aórtica (TAVI). Há algumas controvérsias sobre o impacto prognóstico da RM na sobrevida de pacientes submetidos a TAVI. Objetivo Examinar a relação entre TAVI e RM em uma população de pacientes do Registro Brasileiro de TAVI. Métodos Setecentos e noventa e cinco pacientes do Registro Brasileiro de TAVI foram divididos na linha de base, alta e acompanhamento de acordo com o grau da RM da maneira seguinte: ausente/leve (RMAL) ou moderado/grave (RMMG). Eles foram subsequentemente reagrupados de acordo com as mudanças imediatas e tardias na gravidade da RM após TAVI da maneira seguinte: RM sem mudança, melhora ou piora. Foram analisados os preditores e o impacto prognóstico na linha de base, bem como as mudanças na gravidade da RM. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p < 0,05. Resultados RMMG basal estava presente em 19,3% dos pacientes e foi um preditor de aumento da mortalidade tardia. Imediatamente após o TAVI, 47,4% dos casos melhoraram para RMAL, previsto por uma pontuação mais alta da Society of Thoracic Surgeons e um grau mais alto de regurgitação aórtica basal. No acompanhamento, 9,2% dos casos de RMAL pioraram para RMMG, enquanto 36,8% dos casos de RMMG melhoraram para RMAL. Fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) mais baixa na linha de base e melhora na FEVE durante o acompanhamento foram preditores de melhora da RM. Piora progressiva da RM no acompanhamento foi um preditor independente de maior mortalidade tardia após TAVI (p = 0,005). Conclusões A RMMG na linha de base é um preditor de mortalidade tardia após TAVI. FEVE mais baixa e melhora na FEVE durante o acompanhamento são preditores de melhora da RM após TAVI. A pior progressiva da gravidade da RM durante o acompanhamento é um preditor independente de mortalidade tardia; isto é um achado raro na literatura.

Abstract Background Mitral regurgitation (MR) is prevalent in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). There are some controversies about the prognostic impact of MR in survival of TAVI patients. Objective To examine the relationship between TAVI and MR in a patient population from the Brazilian TAVI Registry. Methods Seven hundred and ninety-five patients from the Brazilian TAVI Registry were divided at baseline, discharge, and follow-up according to their MR grade as follows: absent/mild (AMMR) or moderate/severe (MSMR). They were subsequently regrouped according to their immediate and late changes in MR severity after TAVI as follows: no change, improved, or worsened MR. Predictors and prognostic impact on baseline as well as changes in MR severity were analyzed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Baseline MSMR was present in 19.3% of patients and was a predictor of increased late mortality. Immediately after TAVI, 47.4 % of cases improved to AMMR, predicted by a higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons score and a higher grade of baseline aortic regurgitation. Upon follow-up, 9.2% of cases of AMMR worsened to MSMR, whereas 36.8% of cases of MSMR improved to AMMR. Lower baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and improvement in LVEF at follow-up were predictors of MR improvement. Progressive worsening of MR upon follow-up was an independent predictor of higher late mortality after TAVI (p = 0.005). Conclusions Baseline MSMR predicts late mortality after TAVI. Lower LVEF and improved LVEF at follow-up predict MR improvement after TAVI. Progressive worsening of MR severity at follow-up is an independent predictor of late mortality, which is a rare finding in the literature.

Improvement of renal function after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is commonly found in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and has marked impact in their prognosis. It has been shown however that TAVR may improve renal function by alleviating the hemodynamic barrier imposed by AS. Nevertheless, the predictors of and clinical consequences of renal function improvement are not well established. Our aim was to assess the predictors of improvement of renal function after TAVR. METHODS: The present work is an analysis of the Brazilian Registry of TAVR, a national non-randomized prospective study with 22 Brazilian centers. Patients with baseline renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60mL/min/1.73m2) were stratified according to renal function after TAVR: increase >10% in eGFR were classified as TAVR induced renal function improvement (TIRFI); decrease > 10% in eGFR were classified as acute kidney injury (AKI) and stable renal function (neither criteria). RESULTS: A total of 819 consecutive patients with symptomatic severe AS were included. Of these, baseline renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60mL/min/1.73m2) was present in 577 (70%) patients. Considering variance in renal function between baseline and at discharge after TAVR procedure, TIRFI was seen in 197 (34.1%) patients, AKI in 203 (35.2%), and stable renal function in 177 (30.7%). The independent predictors of TIRFI were: absence of coronary artery disease (OR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.48-0.98; P = 0.039) and lower baseline eGFR (OR: 0.98; 95% CI 0.97-1.00; P = 0.039). There was no significant difference in 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality between patients with stable renal function or TIRFI. Nonetheless, individuals that had AKI after TAVR presented higher mortality compared with TIRFI and stable renal function groups (29.3% vs. 15.4% vs. 9.5%, respectively; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: TIRFI was frequently found among baseline impaired renal function individuals but was not associated with improved 1-year outcomes.

Comparative clinical performance of two types of drug-eluting stents with abluminal biodegradable polymer coating: Five-year results of the DESTINY randomized trial

Resumo Introdução e objetivos: Stents Coated with the Biodegradable Polymer on their Abluminal Faces and Elution of Sirolimus Versus Biolimus Elution for the Treatment of de Novo Coronary Lesions (Destiny Trial) é um estudo randomizado de não inferioridade que comparou o stent farmacológico eluído com Sirolimus Inspiron® (SES) ao controle o stent Biomatrix® Flex eluído com biolimus (BES). Relatórios dentro do primeiro ano mostraram resultados semelhantes para ambos os stents, em seguimento clínico, angiográfico e também em análise de tomografia de coerência ótica e ultrassom intracoronário. A presente análise tem como objetivo comparar o desempenho clínico desses dois stents farmacológicos com polímeros biodegradáveis após cinco anos do procedimento índice. Métodos: Foram randomizados 170 pacientes (194 lesões) em uma proporção de 2:1 para trata mento com SES ou BES, respetivamente. O desfecho primário para o presente estudo foi a taxa em cinco anos de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores combinados, definida como morte cardíaca, infarto do miocárdio ou revascularização da lesão-alvo. Resultados: Em cinco anos, o desfecho primário ocorreu em 12,5% e 17,9% para o grupo SES e BES, respectivamente (p=0,4). Não houve trombose de stent definitiva ou provável entre os pacientes tratados com o novo SES durante os cinco anos de seguimento e ausência de trombose de stent após o primeiro ano no grupo BES. Conclusões: O novo stent Inspiron® apresentou uma boa e semelhante performance clínica no seguimento em longo prazo, quando comparado com o controle o stent de última geração Biomatrix® Flex.

Comparative clinical performance of two types of drug-eluting stents with abluminal biodegradable polymer coating: Five-year results of the DESTINY randomized trial.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Stents Coated With the Biodegradable Polymer on Their Abluminal Faces and Elution of Sirolimus Versus Biolimus Elution for the Treatment of de Novo Coronary Lesions - DESTINY Trial is a non-inferiority randomized study that compared the Inspiron™ sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) with the control Biomatrix™ Flex biolimus-eluting stent (BES). Previous reports in the first year showed similar outcomes for both stents, in clinical, angiographic, optical coherence tomography, and intravascular ultrasound assessments. The present analysis aims to compare the clinical performance of these two biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stents five years after the index procedure. METHODS: A total of 170 patients (194 lesions) were randomized in a 2:1 ratio for treatment with SES or BES, respectively. The primary endpoint for the present study was the five-year rate of combined major adverse cardiac events, defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization. RESULTS: At five years, the primary endpoint occurred in 12.5% and 17.9% of the SES and BES groups, respectively (p=0.4). There was no definite or probable stent thrombosis among patients treated with the novel SES stent during the five years of follow-up, and no stent thrombosis after the first year in the BES group. CONCLUSIONS: The novel Inspiron™ stent had similar good clinical performance in long-term follow-up when compared head-to-head with the control latest-generation Biomatrix™ Flex biolimus-eluting stent.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Where are we in 2020?

Abstract Aortic stenosis is an insidious disease of rapid progression after the onset of symptoms. Aortic valve replacement surgery is a well-established therapy that reduces symptoms and increases survival rates. However, the procedure may be associated with high operative mortality rates and promote comorbidity. Depending on the local reality, the prevalence of patients considered inoperable (due to medical comorbidities and age) may achieve 30%. For these patients, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was initially indicated; over time, the method has advanced technologically and been simplified, and become an alternative therapy for patients at low and intermediate surgical risk also, and considered one of the major advances of modern medicine.

Síndromes coronarianas agudas no contexto atual da pandemia COVID-19 / Acute coronary syndromes in the current context of the Covid-19 pandemic

INTRODUÇÃO A COVID-19, descrita inicialmente no final de 2019 na China, pode, nas formas graves, cursar como pneumonia atípica e síndrome do desconforto respiratório grave.1 Classificada em fevereiro de 2020 como pandemia2 pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), tem determinado importantes repercussões clínicas, sociais, políticas e econômicas, deixando marcas, consequências e aprendizados. A sociedade como um todo teve que se adaptar à uma nova realidade. Hospitais precisaram reescrever suas rotinas e procedimentos operacionais. A criação de cuidados especiais para evitar a disseminação interna dos vetores de contaminação tornou-se imperativa. Unidades dedicadas à COVID foram montadas, e ações protocolares de biossegurança foram instaladas. Recursos humanos, materiais e financeiros foram alocados no intuito de proporcionar a melhor qualidade assistencial possível, sem prejuízo à segurança das equipes. O isolamento social, principal forma de conter a disseminação da doença, permitiu, em algumas localidades, o "achatamento da curva", evitando o esgotamento total do sistema de saúde. No entanto, ainda é uma incógnita a extensão de duração da doença, risco de contágio e manutenção de todos os cuidados. Os sintomas clássicos da COVID-19 são bem conhecidos,3,4 e a maioria dos infectados tem apresentações clínicas brandas.

Atualização do posicionamento da SBHCI sobre a pandemia de COVID-19 / Update on SBHCI's positioning under the COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMO ­ Atentos às novas evidências e lições relacionadas à evolução da pandemia do novo coronavírus tipo 2 (COVID-19) no Brasil e no mundo, e a seu impacto na rotina da Cardiologia Intervencionista, atualizamos o posicionamento da Sociedade Brasileira de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia Intervencionista para reforçar orientações práticas e detalhar aspectos específicos relativos à proteção dos profissionais de saúde e à indicação de procedimentos no laboratório de hemodinâmica. Descritores: Pandemias; Infecções por coronavírus; Pessoal de saúde; Medidas de proteção ABSTRACT ­ Aware of the new evidence and lessons on progress of the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Brazil and all over the world, and of its impact in the routine of Interventional Cardiology, we have updated the positioning of the Sociedade Brasileira de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia Intervencionista to reinforce the practical orientations and detail some specific aspects related to protection of healthcare workers and indication of procedures in the cath lab.

Predictors, Incidence, and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Complicated by Stroke.

BACKGROUND: Stroke remains one of the most devastating complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The aim of this study was to identify the incidence, timing, temporal trends, and predictors of stroke after TAVI and evaluate the outcomes of patients with stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS: The CENTER-Collaboration is an international collaboration consisting of 3 national registries and 7 local registries or prospective clinical trials, selected through a systematic review. Accordingly, a total of 10 982 patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI between 2007 and 2018 were included in the current patient-level pooled analyses. A total of 261 patients (2.4%) experienced stroke during the first month after TAVI. The median time between TAVI and stroke was 1 day (interquartile range, 0-6 days). The stroke rate was comparable in procedures performed in the early years of TAVI (2007-2012) to those in the more recent years of TAVI (2013-2018; both 2.4%; P=1.0). Independent predictors of stroke at 30 days were a history of cerebrovascular events (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4-3.6; P=0.0012) and a glomerular filtration rate of <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8; P=0.05). Stroke occurring within the first 30 days after TAVI was associated with a 6-fold increase of 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 6.0; 95% CI, 4.4-8.1; P<0.001). Moreover, patients with stroke more frequently had documented new-onset atrial fibrillation (16% versus 3%; P<0.001) and major or life-threatening bleedings (12% versus 7%; P=0.002) at 30-day follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In this large, global, patient-level analysis, the incidence of stroke after transfemoral TAVI was 2.4%. Prior cerebrovascular events and a low glomerular filtration rate independently predicted the occurrence of stroke after TAVI. The occurrence of stroke after TAVI was associated with a strikingly 6-fold increase of 30-day mortality; additionally, there was a 5-fold higher rate of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with stroke. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT03588247.

Impacto del daño renal agudo en el seguimiento a corto y a largo plazo tras el implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica / Impact of acute kidney injury on short- and long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Introducción y objetivos: El daño renal agudo (DRA) ocurre con frecuencia tras el implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica (TAVI) y se asocia con una mayor mortalidad. Sin embargo, el impacto del DRA en la evolución a largo plazo continúa siendo controvertida. Por dicho motivo se evalúa el impacto del DRA el resultado a corto y largo plazo tras el TAVI usando los criterios Valve Academic Research Consortium 2. Métodos: Se incluyeron 794 pacientes consecutivos con estenosis aórtica grave en un registro multicéntrico brasileño. Para la identificación de los predictores de DRA se utilizó el análisis de regresión logística. La supervivencia a 4 años se determinó mediante las curvas de Kaplan-Meier y para determinar el impacto del DRA en la mortalidad entre los supervivientes a 12 meses se usó un análisis de punto de referencia ajustado. Resultados: La incidencia de DRA tras el TAVI fue del 18%. Los predictores independientes de DRA fueron: edad, diabetes mellitus, hemorragia mayor o amenazante para la vida y la malaposición valvular. El DRA se asoció independientemente con un riesgo mayor de muerte total (HR ajustada = 2,8; IC95%, 2,0-3,9; p < 0,001) y cardiovascular (HR ajustada = 2,9; IC95%, 1,9-4,4; p < 0,001) durante el periodo de seguimiento completo. Sin embargo, cuando se consideró solo los supervivientes a 12 meses, no hubo diferencias en ambos objetivos clínicos (HR ajustada = 1,2; IC95%, 0,5-2,4; p = 0,71, y HR = 0,7; IC95%, 0,2-2,1; p = 0,57, respectivamente). Conclusiones: El DRA es una complicación frecuente tras el TAVI. La edad avanzada, la diabetes, la hemorragia mayor o amenazante para la vida y la malaposición valvular eran factores predictivos de DRA. El DRA se asoció con el pronóstico a corto y largo plazo, sin embargo, el impacto del DRA sobre la mortalidad se limitó al primer año tras el TAVI

Introduction and objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently observed after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and is associated with higher mortality. However, the impact of AKI on long-term outcomes remains controversial. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the impact of AKI on short- and long-term outcomes following TAVI using the Valve Academic Research Consortium 2 criteria. Methods: Consecutive patients (n = 794) with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVI were included in a multicenter Brazilian registry. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of AKI. Four-year outcomes were determined as Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and an adjusted landmark analysis was used to test the impact of AKI on mortality among survivors at 12 months. Results: The incidence of AKI after TAVI was 18%. Independent predictors of AKI were age, diabetes mellitus, major or life-threatening bleeding and valve malpositioning. Acute kidney injury was independently associated with higher risk of all-cause death (adjusted HR, 2.8; 95%CI, 2.0-3.9; P < .001) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR, 2.9; 95%CI, 1.9-4.4; P < .001) over the entire follow-up period. However, when considering only survivors at 12 months, there was no difference in both clinical endpoints (adjusted HR, 1.2; 95%CI, 0.5-2.4; P = .71, and HR, 0.7; 95%CI, 0.2-2.1; P = .57, respectively). Conclusions: Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication after TAVI. Older age, diabetes, major or life-threatening bleeding, and valve malpositioning were independent predictors of AKI. Acute kidney injury is associated with worse short- and long-term outcomes. However, the major impact of AKI on mortality is limited to the first year after TAVI

Impact of acute kidney Injury on short-and long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently observed after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and is associated with higher mortality. However, the impact of AKI on long-term outcomes remains controversial. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the impact of AKI on short- and long-term outcomes following TAVI using the Valve Academic Research Consortium 2 criteria. METHODS: Consecutive patients (n = 794) with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVI were included in a multicenter Brazilian registry. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of AKI. Four-year outcomes were determined as Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and an adjusted landmark analysis was used to test the impact of AKI on mortality among survivors at 12 months. RESULTS: The incidence of AKI after TAVI was 18%. Independent predictors of AKI were age, diabetes mellitus, major or life-threatening bleeding and valve malpositioning. Acute kidney injury was independently associated with higher risk of all-cause death (adjusted HR, 2.8; 95%CI, 2.0-3.9; P < .001) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR, 2.9; 95%CI, 1.9-4.4; P < .001) over the entire follow-up period. However, when considering only survivors at 12 months, there was no difference in both clinical endpoints (adjusted HR, 1.2; 95%CI, 0.5-2.4; P = .71, and HR, 0.7; 95%CI, 0.2-2.1; P = .57, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication after TAVI. Older age, diabetes, major or life-threatening bleeding, and valve malpositioning were independent predictors of AKI. Acute kidney injury is associated with worse short- and long-term outcomes. However, the major impact of AKI on mortality is limited to the first year after TAVI. Copyright © 2017 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved. KEYWORDS: Acute kidney injury; Aortic stenosis; Daño renal agudo; Edad avanzada; Elderly; Estenosis aórtica; Implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica; Mortalidad; Mortality; Transcatheter aortic valve implantation; Valve Academic Research Consortium.

Impact of Acute Kidney Injury on Short- and Long-term Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently observed after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and is associated with higher mortality. However, the impact of AKI on long-term outcomes remains controversial. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the impact of AKI on short- and long-term outcomes following TAVI using the Valve Academic Research Consortium 2 criteria. METHODS: Consecutive patients (n = 794) with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVI were included in a multicenter Brazilian registry. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of AKI. Four-year outcomes were determined as Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and an adjusted landmark analysis was used to test the impact of AKI on mortality among survivors at 12 months. RESULTS: The incidence of AKI after TAVI was 18%. Independent predictors of AKI were age, diabetes mellitus, major or life-threatening bleeding and valve malpositioning. Acute kidney injury was independently associated with higher risk of all-cause death (adjusted HR, 2.8; 95%CI, 2.0-3.9; P < .001) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR, 2.9; 95%CI, 1.9-4.4; P < .001) over the entire follow-up period. However, when considering only survivors at 12 months, there was no difference in both clinical endpoints (adjusted HR, 1.2; 95%CI, 0.5-2.4; P = .71, and HR, 0.7; 95%CI, 0.2-2.1; P = .57, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication after TAVI. Older age, diabetes, major or life-threatening bleeding, and valve malpositioning were independent predictors of AKI. Acute kidney injury is associated with worse short- and long-term outcomes. However, the major impact of AKI on mortality is limited to the first year after TAVI.

Impact of Preexisting Left Bundle Branch Block in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Recipients.

BACKGROUND: The impact of preexisting left bundle branch block (LBBB) in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) recipients is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of preexisting LBBB on clinical outcomes after TAVR. METHODS AND RESULTS: This multicenter study evaluated 3404 TAVR candidates according to the presence or absence of LBBB on baseline ECG. TAVR complications and causes of death were defined according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 definitions. Follow-up outpatient visits or telephone interviews were conducted at 30 days, 12 months, and yearly thereafter. Echocardiography examinations were performed at baseline, at hospital discharge, and at 1-year follow-up. Preexisting LBBB was present in 398 patients (11.7%) and was associated with an increased risk of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI; 21.1% versus 14.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.12-2.04) but not death (7.3% versus 5.5%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.84-2.12) at 30 days. At a mean follow-up of 22±21 months, there were no differences between patients with and without preexisting LBBB in overall mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.75-1.18) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.68-1.21). In a subanalysis of 2421 patients without PPI at 30 days and with complete follow-up about the PPI, preexisting LBBB was not associated with an increased risk of PPI or sudden cardiac death. Patients with preexisting LBBB had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline and at 1-year follow-up ( P <0.001 for both), but those with low LVEF exhibited a similar increase in LVEF over time after TAVR compared with patients with no preexisting LBBB ( P=0.327). CONCLUSIONS: Preexisting LBBB significantly increased the risk of early (but not late) PPI after TAVR, without any significant effect on overall mortality or cardiovascular mortality. Preexisting LBBB was associated with lower LVEF pre-TAVR but did not prevent an increase in LVEF post-TAVR similar to patients without LBBB.